Colchester is the second most populous town in Chittenden County, Vermont, United States. The population was 17,067 as of the 2010 census. It is the fourth-most populous municipality and second-most populous town in the state of Vermont. Colchester is a suburb of Burlington–Vermont's most populous municipality. The town is directly to Burlington's north on the eastern shore of Lake Champlain to the west of the Green Mountains. The Vermont National Guard is based in the town, and it is also home to the campus of Saint Michael's College.